Exam Stress Reducing Ways

Staying up till late in the night, following a nocturnal and abnormal schedule, nauseating and horrible look are quintessential of the week before the commencement of examinations. Each and every individual has a definite body-cycle which one usually abides by. As soon as the fear of the examination dawns upon us, we are found unloading the piled up books from the shelves after decades with a horrified look while doing this mind-boggling activity. With the semester and mid-term exams commencing within twenty days a few Some Cool Ways to Reduce Stress and Score Well in Your Examination at least keep you at ease and not the as the usual discomfited ones.

• Performing well in exams depends a great deal upon our health. Unless we are healthy a hard- earned study of everything would fetch nothing. Avoid eating fried and too spicy . Drink as much water as you can Give a halt to parties and avoid going on a diet or starvation with a view to save the time spent on eating. Eat well but avoid the spicy fast-foods. Try depending upon home-made food at least till exams bid adieu to you or ‘Subway’ is the way to go .
• Each and every individual has a different body adaptation and particular way of studying. Don’t get swayed by the toppers way of studying. Follow the way you have been nurtured to study since childhood. That would prove advantageous than blindly following the topper in order to score well.
• Yes! The noticeable feature before the exams is a time table pinned to the wall of our room or behind every note book. But we fail to or hardly follow them. Its better not to make one because none of us know about the next day. Anomalous incidents can appear at any moment disrupting not only the time table but often our very existence. Time table does compel one to study in a coherent manner but when its usually not followed it need’nt be made. It’s better to list the name of subjects and the number of days left for the exams to commence accordingly on a piece of paper pinned to the wall of your room. A daily look at it will serve greater purpose than a time table.
• Some people can study well early morning and some till late at night. The usual notion that the nocturnal schedule would be advantageous than the morning schedule isn’t beneficial in any manner. Try following the one that suits you most.
• Getting filthy and staying without bath for days before exams won’t be of much help. On the contrary that takes an ill-effect on your body and keeps you strayed from studying hard.
• Taking breaks between studies is of utmost importance. Getting bogged down under studies at a stretch for hour’s nulls that power of our brain to retain the fact. But it isn’t appreciable to take frequent breaks or ten hours of break and five minutes of study. After two hours take forty-five minutes of break in which listen to some grooving music, talk to your friends about topics other than studies and exams (provided they don’t disturb you) or watch television( not an addictive movie which might hold you for hours) or even engage in Facebooking.
• Make your own notes; you will definitely score well if you learn after understanding the whole concept.
• Grab a copy of last ten year’s papers and pen down the questions year wise it gives you a vague idea of expected questions.
• The last but not the least, don’t let your mind think that it is nervous because . Neither be exam phobic nor take exams too lightly or too seriously. Relax and sit to study with a positive notion that whatever you study that day might serve well the purpose for your preparation for exams even if its two pages. Try out taking deep breaths or meditation if you feel too stressed or bogged down.

I hope these afore mentioned ways make you feel better and afresh your mindset about exams. Always remember it has been 15 years since you are approaching for exams. Easy or difficult, if you have performed better then you’ll definitely prove awesome now. All the best!!

People always have a feeling that earning online is very easy and its one of the best way to become rich. One of these Richie rich style jobs include trying our online surveys which has always made people fool out of their hard-earned money but still the short cut options make them invest on these. You have to pay a one time sign up fees to these companies and then expect paid surveys of a few hundred rupees each making you to earn a lot of money.

But wait recently a smart company was launched in Singapore which claimed that it had large clients like ICICI Bank who were paying them for research and the company was offering panelists / membership options for around Rs 11000 and within a few months around 13 lakh people already joined in which is seriously a very big number.

Many students and middle-class people have actually taken bank loans and signed up for this company with multiple accounts in a hope to earn back lakhs of Indian Rupees very quickly and also to get many surveys which is what the company is claiming. According to this MLM type program members the more speakasiaonline.com accounts you have, the chances of getting more accounts increases which is why they keep reinvesting and also force their friends / relatives to do the same.

More confidence on this company came in when it started advertising on Television and Newspapers with very high budgets, off-course it’s the innocents money but its being spent but these smart managers of the company trying to make the game to a very big level.

The problem now is that there have been many similar companies like Unipay2u, Visarev, Global Index Wing, StockGuru India, TVI Express, Japan Life, Quantum Funds Online etc which have already been closed in the past few years and this new company ie Speakasiaonline.com should also follow them. Below is a video which was covered by Star News giving Indians a big news on why you should avoid all these online surveys firms and stop dreaming about making big money online without hard work.

Finally if you still are not going to believe the above mentioned video or the suggestions given above then go ahead and get a PIN because these people are going to increase the prices from Rs 11,000 to Rs 15,000 on 20th may and you may not find any better opportunity to loose money.

Live Match of Cricket World Cup 2011

Edutail Family Wishing you a very Happy Diwali,

May this Festival of Light also bright your future..

एजुटेल परिवार की और से आप सभी को दीपावली की हार्दिक शुभकामनाएँ

प्रकाश का यह पर्व आपके जीवन को भी प्रकाशमय कर दे, हम यही कामना करते हैं |

Details of Recruitment:

• General Manager (Official Language) – GMOL

Eligibility Criteria

Age: Minimum – 40 years, Maximum – 50 years

Educational Qualification: Doctorate in Hindi with Masters Degree in Hindi with minimum 60% marks at Graduate & Post Graduate level. Should have had English as one of the subjects at the Graduation level. Knowledge of Hindi application software package on computer is desirable.

Post Qualification Experience: Minimum 10 years experience in University / College of repute or in a responsible position in Central / State Government or in a large Public Sector Undertaking / Bank /RBI with sufficient number of publications/translation works to his credit.

Pay Scale: The officer will be placed in the pay scale of Rs. 46,800/- – 1300/4 – 52000 and the total emoluments payable in Mumbai will be approximately Rs. 70,300/-. He will be entitled for other benefits and perquisites attached to the post as applicable to TEGS-VII. New recruit will be entitled to pension benefits in accordance with the new pension scheme which would be made applicable as decided by the Bank.

Apply Process: Candidates are requested to down-load the enclosed application and apply therein. The application can also be neatly typed or handwritten in English or Hindi on a legal size paper in the format prescribed. A recent passport size photograph of the candidate be pasted and signed across at right hand top corner at the space provided in the application. The application, duly signed and photograph affixed alongwith necessary details and enclosures, should be sent to Post Box No. 7502, Motilal Nagar, Goregaon (West), Mumbai – 400 104 by ordinary post in an envelope super-scribed “Application for the post of General Manger (Official Language)”.

Enclosure to the Application:

• Demand draft,
• Copy of school leaving certificate or any other documentary proof of age,
• Attested copies of the certificates/ testimonials confirming the fulfillment of the educational qualification and experience.

Last Date: Application, complete in all respect, should reach the designated Post Box on or before 25 October 2010 (same for the candidates from far flung areas). Applications received after the last date will not be accepted.

Reference:

• For full Details in Hindi Visit http://www.statebankofindia.com/webfiles/uploads/files/1284985618117_ADVT_GMOL_HINDI.pdf
• For Full Details in English Visit http://www.statebankofindia.com/webfiles/uploads/files/1284985618117_ADVT_GMOL_ENG.pdf
• For DOWNLOAD APPLICATION FORM(HINDI)
• For DOWNLOAD APPLICATION FORM(ENGLISH)

Opposition Leader of Madhya Pradesh Assembly & Veteran Congress leader Jamuna Devi, passed away this morning in a private hospital at Indore.

A veteran tribal woman leader, she represented Kukshi in Dhar district in the State Assembly.

She was 81 and is survived by a brother, daughter and a nephew, family sources said. She was Suffering From Cancer from some time.

Jamuna Devi, who was born on November 29, 1929, at Sardarpur was elected for the sixth time as MLA in the year 2008.

She was elected as the Leader of Opposition for the first time in 2003-2008 and was again given the responsibility to lead the Opposition for a second term in the year 2008.

Devi was also the member of the first Assembly of the Madhya Bharat State (1952-57) and later got elected as Lok Sabha member from Jhabua seat (1962—67). She was also the member of Rajya Sabha from 1978-81.

In the year 1985, Devi was elected as the member of the State Assembly and inducted as Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Madhya Pradesh Cabinet. She rose to become a Cabinet Minister in the State in the year 1993 after she was elected as an MLA for the third term.

In 1998, she again won the polls for the third time and was inducted as the first woman Deputy Chief Minister.

In 2003, though Congress lost the power in Madhya Pradesh, Jamuna Devi was elected as MLA for the fifth time and was elected as the Leader of Opposition.

She was again given the responsibility of leading the Opposition in 2008, when she was elected as MLA for the sixth term.

Devi also served the Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee (MPCC) and the All India Congress Committee (AICC) in various capacities in her long political career.

Ganesh Visarjan Live From MUMBAI – 2010

Indian Government has applied Ban on Bulk SMS service due to most awaited Ahyodhya Matter’s Decision on 24th September.

Bulk sms is the fastest way to provide sms on mobile speedy via internet. As per the source this Stay on bulk sms will be applicable till next 72 Hours.

it will also effect many social and professional services such as share market tips and other information services.

as we also know that in this final time govt don’t want to take any risk that why all necessary action is taking by Indian Government.

Civilian in Defense Services :

• Junior Work Managers (Mechanical) : 68 posts (SC-7, ST-5, PH-3),
  Pay Scale : Rs.9300-34800   grade pay Rs. 5400/-,
  Qualification : Degree in Mechanical Engineering, Age : 21-30 year
• Junior Work Managers (Chemical) : 21 posts (SC-3, ST-2, OBC-6, PH-3),
  Pay Scale : Rs.9300-34800   grade pay Rs. 5400/-,
  Qualification : M.Sc. in Chemistry or Degree in Chemical Engineering/ Technology or equivalent,
  Age : 21-30 year

Recruitment by  written test on 09/01/2011 followed by an Interview.

Fees: payable is Rs.50/- in the shape of Central Recruitment Fee Stamp only.

Reference : For Details of posts, qualification, instructions and application format relating to Advt. No. 52/2010, please visit UPSC web site at http://upsc.gov.in. Application forms are available in the Recruitment Section of the above said website.

Completed applications with enclosures should be sent to the Joint Secretary (SPC), Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi – 110069, so as to reach on or before prescribed closing date i.e. 23/09/2010. Application format is available at http://upsc.gov.in/general/general.htm . Envelope of the application form should superscribed ” Application for the post of Junior Work Manager – ……….. under special Advt. No. 52/2010″ on the top of the envelope.

1. If it is possible to make only one meaningful word with the Third,

Seventh, Eighth and Tenth letters of the word COMPATIBILITY, which of the

following would be the last letter of that word ? If no such word can be

made, give ‘X’ as your answer and if more than one such word can be formed,

give your answer as ‘Y’.

(A) I

(B) B

(C) L

(D) X

(E) Y

Ans : (B)

2. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a

group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?

(A) Stem

(B) Tree

(C) Root

(D) Branch
(E) Leaf

Ans : (B)

3. How many meaningful three letter English words can be formed with the

letters AER, using each letter only once in each word ?

(A) None

(B) One

(C) Two

(D) Three

(E) Four

Ans : (D)

4. In a certain code FINE is written HGPC.

How is SLIT written in that code ?

(A) UTGR

(B) UTKR

(C) TUGR

(D) RUGT

(E) None of these
Ans : (E)

5. If ‘Apple’ is called ‘Orange’, ‘Orange’ is called ‘Peach’, ‘Peach’ is

called ‘Potato’, ‘Potato’ is called ‘Banana’, ‘Banana’ is called ‘Papaya’

and ‘Papaya’ is called ‘Guava’, which of the following grows underground ?

(A) Potato

(B) Guava

(C) Apple

(D) Banana

(E) None of these

Ans : (D)

6. If the digits in the number 86435192 are arranged in ascending order,

what will be the difference between the digits which are second from the

right and fourth from the left in the new arrangement ?

(A) One

(B) Two

(C) Three

(D) Four
(E) None

Ans : (D)

7. Each vowel of the word ADJECTIVE is substituted with the next letter of

the English alphabetical series, and each consonant is substituted with the

letter preceding it. How many vowels are present in the new arrangement ?

(A) None

(B) One

(C) Two

(D) Three

(E) None of these

Ans : (C)

8. If in a certain language LATE is coded as 8&4$ and HIRE is coded as 7***3$

then how will HAIL be coded in the same language ?

(A) 7&8***

(B) &7***8
(C) 7***&8

(D) 7&***8

(E) None of these

Ans : (D)

9. How many such pairs of letters are there in word ENGLISH, each of which

has as many letters between its two letters as there are between them in the

English alphabets ?

(A) None

(B) One

(C) Two

(D) Three

(E) More than three

Ans : (E)

10. In a certain code ‘na pa ka so’ means ‘birds fly very high’, ‘ri so la

pa’ means ‘birds are very beautiful’ and ‘ti me ka bo’ means ‘the parrots
could fly’. Which of the following is the code for ‘high’ in that language ?

(A) na

(B) ka

(C) bo

(D) so

(E) None of these

Ans : (A)

*Directions*—(Q. 11–15) In each of the questions below are given three

statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take

the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from

commonly known facts. Read both the conclusions and then decide which of the

given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding

commonly known facts.

Read the statements and the conclusions which follow it and

*Give answer—*

(A) if only conclusion I is true.

(B) if only conclusion II is true.
(C) if either conclusion I or conclusion II is true.

(D) if neither conclusion I nor conclusion II is true

(E) if both conclusions I and II are true.

11. *Statements :* All stars are suns.

Some suns are planets.

All planets are satellites.

*Conclusions :*

I. Some satellites are stars.

II. No star is a satellite.

Ans : (C)

12. *Statements :* All fishes are birds.

All birds are rats.

All rats are cows.

*Conclusions :*

I. All birds are cows

II. All rats are fishes

Ans : (A)

13. *Statements :* All curtains are rods.

Some rods are sheets.

Some sheets are pillows.

*Conclusions :

*I. Some pillows are rods.

II. Some rods are curtains.

Ans : (B)

14. *Statements :* Some walls are windows.

Some windows are doors.

All doors are roofs.

*Conclusions :

*I. Some doors are walls.

II. No roof is a window.

Ans : (D)

15. *Statements :* All switches are plugs.

Some plugs are bulbs.

All bulbs are sockets.
*Conclusions :*

I. Some sockets are plugs.

II. Some plugs are switches.

Ans : (E)

*Directions*—(Q. 16–20) Study the sets of numbers given below and answer the

questions, which follow :

489 – 541 – 654 – 953 – 983

16. If in each number, the first and the last digits are interchanged, which

of the following will be the second highest number ?

(A) 489

(B) 541

(C) 654

(D) 953

(E) 783

Ans : (C)

17. If in each number, all the three digits are arranged in ascending order,

which of the following will be the lowest number ?
(A) 489

(B) 541

(C) 654

(D) 953

(E) 783

Ans : (B)

18. Which of the following numbers will be obtained if the first digit of

lowest number is subtracted from the second digit of highest number after

adding one to each of the numbers ?

(A) 1

(B) 2

(C) 3

(D) 4

(E) 5

Ans : (A)

19. If five is subtracted from each of the numbers, which of the following

numbers will be the difference between the second digit of second highest
number and the second digit of the highest number ?

(A) Zero

(B) 3

(C) 1

(D) 4

(E) 2

Ans : (B)

20. If in each number the first and the second digits are interchanged,

which will be the third highest number ?

(A) 489

(B) 541

(C) 654

(D) 953

(E) 783

Ans : (D)

*Directions*—(Q. 21–25) Read the following information carefully and answer

the questions, which follow :
‘A – B’ means ‘A is father of B’

‘A + B’ means ‘A is daughter of B’

‘A ÷ B’ means ‘A is son of B’

‘A × B’ means ‘A is wife of B’

21. Which of the following means P is grandson of S ?

(A) P + Q – S

(B) P ÷ Q × S

(C) P ÷ Q + S

(D) P × Q ÷ S

(E) None of these

Ans : (C)

22. How is P related to T in the expression ‘P + S – T’ ?

(A) Sister

(B) Wife

(C) Son

(D) Daughter

(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

23. In the expression ‘P + Q × T’ how is T related to P ?

(A) Mother

(B) Father

(C) Son

(D) Brother

(E) None of these

Ans : (B)

24. Which of the following means T is wife of P ?

(A) P × S ÷ T

(B) P ÷ S × T

(C) P – S ÷ T

(D) P + T ÷ S

(E) None of these

Ans : (E)

25. In the expression ‘P × Q – T’ how is T related to P ?

(A) Daughter
(B) Sister

(C) Mother

(D) Can’t be determined

(E) None of these

Ans : (D)

*Directions*—(Q. 26–30) In each of these questions a group of letters is

given followed by four combinations of number/symbol *lettered *(A), (B),

(C) & (D). Letters are to be coded as per the scheme and conditions given

below. You have to find out the serial letter of the combination, which

represents the letter group. Serial letter of that combination is your

answer. If none of the combinations is correct, your answer is (E) i.e. None

of these :

*Letters* *#* Q M S I N G D K A L P R B J E

*Number/ Symbol* *#* 7 @ 4 # % $ 6 1 2 £ 5 * 9 8 3

*Conditions :*
(i) If the first letter is a consonant and the last a vowel, both are to be

coded as the code of the vowel.

(ii) If the first letter is a vowel and the last a consonant, the codes for

the first and the last are to be interchanged.

(iii) If no vowel is present in the group of letters, the second and the

fifth letters are to be coded as ©.

26. BKGQJN

(A) 9©$7©%

(B) ©9$7%©

(C) 91$78%

(D) %1$789

(E) None of these

Ans : (A)

27. IJBRLG

(A) #89*£$

(B) #89*£#

(C) $89*£#
(D) $89*£$

(E) None of these

Ans : (C)

28. BARNIS

(A) 92*#%4

(B) 924#*%

(C) 92*#%9

(D) 42*#%4

(E) None of these

Ans : (E)

29. EGAKRL

(A) #£$21*

(B) £$21*3

(C) £$21*#

(D) #£$21#

(E) None of these

Ans : (B)

30. DMBNIA

(A) 6@9%#2

(B) 2@9%#6

(C) 2@9%#2

(D) 2©9%#2

(E) None of these

Ans : (C)

*Directions*—(Q. 31–35) Study the following information carefully to answer

these questions.

Eight persons A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H work for three different companies

namely X, Y and Z. Not more than three persons work for a company. There are

only two ladies in the group who have different specializations and work for

different companies. Of the group of friends, two have specialization in

each HR, Finance and Marketing. One member is an engineer and one is a

doctor. H is an HR specialist and works with a Marketing specialist B who

does not work for company Y. C is an engineer and his sister works in

company Z. D is a specialist in HR working in company X while her friend G
is a finance specialist and works for company Z. No two persons having the

same specialization work together. Marketing specialist F works for company

Y and his friend A who is a Finance expert works for company X in which only

two specialists work. No lady is a marketing specialist or a doctor.

31. For which of the following companies does C work ?

(A) Y

(B) X

(C) Z

(D) Data inadequate

(E) None of these

Ans : (A)

32. Which of the following represents the pair working in the same company ?

(A) D and C

(B) A and B

(C) A and E

(D) H and F

(E) None of these
Ans : (E)

33. Which of the following combination is correct ?

(A) C–Z-Engineer

(B) E–X–Doctor

(C) H–X–HR

(D) C–Y–Engineer

(E) None of these

Ans : (D)

34. Who amongst the friends is a doctor ?

(A) H

(B) E

(C) C

(D) Either E or C

(E) None of these

Ans : (B)

35. Which of the following pairs represents the two ladies in the group ?

(A) A and D
(B) B and D

(C) D and G

(D) Data inadequate

(E) None of these

Ans : (C)

Canara Bank

Online Applications are invited for recruitment of 1500 various posts of Clerks and Probationary  Officers in Canara Bank.

1. Probationary Clerk : 1000 posts in various states, Age : 18 – 28 years, Qualification : Pass in 10+2 with 60% [SC/ST/PWD candidates – 55%] OR a pass in Graduation. Should have studied the local language of the State / Union Territory for which he / she is applying [as I / II / III language] either at SSLC / SSC or 10+2 or Graduation level., Pay Scale : 4410-13210
2. Probationary Officer [JMGS–I]  : 500 posts, Age : 21 – 30 years, Qualification :  Graduation with First Class with 60% [SC/ST/PWD candidates – 55%], Pay Scale : Rs.10000-18240/-

Application Fee : Rs.300/- for Officers and Rs.200/- for Clerk (Rs.50/- for SC/ST/PWD) to be deposited in any Canara Bank branch through Payment Voucher or By Online by Net Banking. Keep the receipt as this is to be shown at the time of Written Test.

Important Dates :

1. Opening Date for on-line registration in Website : 25/03/2010
2. Closing Date for on-line registration in Website :  24/04/2010
3. Tentative Date of Written Test for Probationary Officers : 04/07/2010
4. Tentative Date of Written Test for Probationary Clerks : 18/07/2010

For more information and Online submission of the Application visit Canara Bank website at http://www.canarabank.com/English/Scripts/RecruitmentProjectIndex.aspx

Indian Bank Probationary Officer Exam., 2010

Bank of Baroda (BOB)

Bank of Baroda (BoB), India’s International Bank, looking for –2000 young, qualified and active minds to be partners in the transformation programme of the Bank in as Clerical cadre :

• Clerks: 2000 posts, Pay Scale : Pay Scale : Rs.4410-13210/-, Age : 18-28 years, Qualification : A 10 + 2 / Intermediate / HSC pass with 55% marks (50% for SC/ST/PWD & XSM OR A Degree with in any discipline or equivalent)

Application Fee : Rs. 200/- (Rs. 50/- for SC/ST/ PWD candidates on postage charges only) in any nearest Bank of Baroda Branch with the Fee payment Challan duly filled in and pay, in Cash, the appropriate Application Fee in Account No.29040200000170 with Bandra Kurla Complex Branch in favour of “RECRUITMENT OF -2000- CLERICAL STAFF – PROJECT 2010”.  Obtain the Counterfoil (Applicant’s Copy) of the Fee Payment Challan duly received by the Bank with (a) Branch Name & Code Number, (b) Transaction ID, (c) Date of Deposit & amount filled by the Branch Official.

How to Apply : Eligible candidates are advised to apply ‘ONLINE’ only at Bank of Baroda website.

Important Dates:

• Date for Online Registration : 17/03/2010 to 17/04/2010
• Date of Written Test : 06/06/2010

For more information and apply online, please visit http://www.bankofbaroda.com/recruitment.asp?artid=2278&modid=36

शनिवार को चिली मे आए विनाशकारी भूकंप मे कई लोग बेघर हुए कई की जाने चली गयी, आपनो ने
अपनो को खोया है ! आज हम उनको अपनी और से श्रद्धांजलि देते है!

नीचे रखी मोमबत्ती जलाकर अपनी श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित करे ………………

ॐकारेश्वर एक हिन्दू मंदिर है। यह मध्य प्रदेश के खंडवा जिले में स्थित है। यह नर्मदा नदी के बीच मन्धाता या शिवपुरी नामक द्वीप पर स्थित है। यह भगवान शिव के बारह ज्योतिर्लिंगओं में से एक है। यह यहां के मोरटक्का गांव से लगभग 12 मील (20 कि.मी.) दूर बसा है। यह द्वीप हिन्दू पवित्र चिन्ह ॐ के आकार में बना है। यहां दो मंदिर स्थित हैं।

* ॐकारेश्वर
* अमरेश्वर

ॐकारेश्वर का निर्माण नर्मदा नदी से स्वतः ही हुआ है। यह नदी भारत की पवित्रतम नदियों में से एक है, और अब इस पर विश्व का सर्वाधिक बड़ा बांध परियोजना का निर्माण हो रहा है।
जिस ओंकार शब्द का उच्चारण सर्वप्रथम सृष्टिकर्ता विधाता के मुख से हुआ, वेद का पाठ इसके उच्चारण किए बिना नहीं होता है।

इस ओंकार का भौतिक विग्रह ओंकार क्षेत्र है। इसमें 68 तीर्थ हैं। यहाँ 33 करोड़ देवता परिवार सहित निवास करते हैं तथा 2 ज्योतिस्वरूप लिंगों सहित 108 प्रभावशाली शिवलिंग हैं। मध्यप्रदेश में देश के प्रसिद्ध 12 ज्योतिर्लिंगों में से 2 ज्योतिर्लिंग विराजमान हैं। एक उज्जैन में महाकाल के रूप में और दूसरा ओंकारेश्वर में ममलेश्वर (अमलेश्वर) के रूप में विराजमान हैं।

इतिहास

देवी अहिल्याबाई होलकर की ओर से यहाँ नित्य मृत्तिका के 18 सहस्र शिवलिंग तैयार कर उनका पूजन करने के पश्चात उन्हें नर्मदा में विसर्जित कर दिया जाता है। ओंकारेश्वर नगरी का मूल नाम ‘मान्धाता’ है।

कथा

राजा मान्धाता ने यहाँ नर्मदा किनारे इस पर्वत पर घोर तपस्या कर भगवान शिव को प्रसन्न किया और शिवजी के प्रकट होने पर उनसे यहीं निवास करने का वरदान माँग लिया। तभी से उक्त प्रसिद्ध तीर्थ नगरी ओंकार-मान्धाता के रूप में पुकारी जाने लगी। जिस ओंकार शब्द का उच्चारण सर्वप्रथम सृष्टिकर्ता विधाता के मुख से हुआ, वेद का पाठ इसके उच्चारण किए बिना नहीं होता है। इस ओंकार का भौतिक विग्रह ओंकार क्षेत्र है। इसमें 68 तीर्थ हैं। यहाँ 33 करोड़ देवता परिवार सहित निवास करते हैं।

मान्यता

नर्मदा क्षेत्र में ओंकारेश्वर सर्वश्रेष्ठ तीर्थ है। शास्त्र मान्यता है कि कोई भी तीर्थयात्री देश के भले ही सारे तीर्थ कर ले किन्तु जब तक वह ओंकारेश्वर आकर किए गए तीर्थों का जल लाकर यहाँ नहीं चढ़ाता उसके सारे तीर्थ अधूरे माने जाते हैं। ओंकारेश्वर तीर्थ के साथ नर्मदाजी का भी विशेष महत्व है। शास्त्र मान्यता के अनुसार जमुनाजी में 15 दिन का स्नान तथा गंगाजी में 7 दिन का स्नान जो फल प्रदान करता है, उतना पुण्यफल नर्मदाजी के दर्शन मात्र से प्राप्त हो जाता है।

ओंकारेश्वर तीर्थ क्षेत्र में चौबीस अवतार, माता घाट (सेलानी), सीता वाटिका, धावड़ी कुंड, मार्कण्डेय शिला, मार्कण्डेय संन्यास आश्रम, अन्नपूर्णाश्रम, विज्ञान शाला, बड़े हनुमान, खेड़ापति हनुमान, ओंकार मठ, माता आनंदमयी आश्रम, ऋणमुक्तेश्वर महादेव, गायत्री माता मंदिर, सिद्धनाथ गौरी सोमनाथ, आड़े हनुमान, माता वैष्णोदेवी मंदिर, चाँद-सूरज दरवाजे, वीरखला, विष्णु मंदिर, ब्रह्मेश्वर मंदिर, सेगाँव के गजानन महाराज का मंदिर, काशी विश्वनाथ, नरसिंह टेकरी, कुबेरेश्वर महादेव, चन्द्रमोलेश्वर महादेव के मंदिर भी दर्शनीय हैं।

नर्मदा ही एक ऐसी नदी है जिसकी लाखों भक्तों द्वारा 1 हजार 780 मील की लंबी परिक्रमा की जाती है। नियम से उक्त परिक्रमा 108 दिनों में संपन्न की जाती है।

संघ लोक सेवा आयोग

संघ लोक सेवा आयोग या अंग्रेज़ी में यूनियन पब्लिक सर्विस कमीशन (Union Public Service Commission – UPSC) भारत के संविधान द्वारा स्थापित एक संस्था है जो भारत सरकार के लोकसेवा के पदाधिकारियों की नियुक्ति के लिए परीक्षाएं संचालित करती हैं। संविधान के अनुच्छेद 315-323 में एक संघीय लोकसेवा आयोग और राज्यों के लिए राज्य लोक सेवा आयोग के गठन का प्रावधान है।

इतिहास

उच्च सिविल सेवाओं का भारतीयकरण राजनैतिक आंदोलन की प्रमुख मांग बन गई जिसने ब्रिटिश इंडिया गवर्नमेंट को उसकी सेवाओं के लिए राज्य क्षेत्र में एक लोक सेवा आयोग के गठन पर विचार करने पर बाध्य कर दिया। प्रथम लोक सेवा आयोग की स्थापना 1 अक्टूबर, 1926 को हुई। तथापि,परामर्श देने के इसके सीमित कार्यों से जनता की आशाएं पूरी न हो सकीं तथा भारतीय स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन के नेताओं द्वारा इस तथ्य पर निरंतर बल दिए जाने के परिणामस्वरूप, भारत सरकार अधिनियम, 1935 के अंतर्गत फैडरल पब्लिक सर्विस कमीशन का गठन किया गया।

इस अधिनियम के अंतर्गत, पहली बार, प्रांतीय स्तर पर लोक सेवा आयोगों के गठन का भी प्रावधान किया गया।

स्वतंत्रता के बाद, संविधान सभा ने अनुभव किया कि सिविल सेवाओं में निष्पक्ष भर्ती सुनिश्चित करने के साथ ही सेवा हितों की रक्षा के लिए संघीय एवं प्रांतीय, दोनों स्तरों पर लोक सेवा आयोगों को एक सुदृढ़ और स्वायत्त स्थिति प्रदान करने की आवश्यकता है । स्वतंत्र भारत के लिए 26 जनवरी, 1950 को नये संविधान के प्रवर्तन के साथ ही फैडरल पब्लिक सर्विस कमीशन को एक स्वायत्त सत्ता के रूप में संवैधानिक दर्जा प्रदान किया गया और संघ लोक सेवा आयोग का नाम दिया गया।

सदस्य

आयोग के सदस्य राष्ट्रपति द्वारा नियुक्त होते हैं। कम से कम आधे सदस्य किसी लोक सेवा के सदस्य (कार्यरत या अवकाशप्राप्त) होते हैं जो न्यूनतम 10 वर्षों के अनुभवप्राप्त हों। इनका कार्यकाल 6 वर्षों या 65 वर्ष की उम्र (जो भी पहले आए) तक का होता है। ये कभी भी अपना इस्तीफ़ा राष्ट्रपति को दे सकते हैं। इससे पहले राष्ट्रपति इन्हें पद की अवमानना या अवैध कार्यों में लिप्त होने के लिए बर्ख़ास्त कर सकता है।

कार्य

इसका प्रमुख कार्य केन्द्र तथा राज्यों की लोकसेवा के लिए सदस्यों का चयन करना है। इसके लिए यह विभिन्न परीक्षाएं संचालित करती है। इनमें से प्रमुख हैं -

* 1. सिविल सेवा (प्रारंभिक) परीक्षा (मई में)
* 2. सिविल सेवा (प्रधान)परीक्षा(अक्तूबर/नवम्बर में)
* 3. भारतीय वन सेवा परीक्षा (जुलाई में)
* 4. इंजीनियरी सेवा परीक्षा (जुलाई में)
* 5. भू-विज्ञानी परीक्षा(दिसम्बर में)
* 6. स्पेशल क्लास रेलवे अप्रेंटिसेज़ परीक्षा (अगस्त में)
* 7. राष्ट्रीय रक्षा अकादमी और नौसेना अकादमी परीक्षा (अप्रैल और सितम्बर में)
* 8. सम्मिलित रक्षा सेवा परीक्षा (मई और अक्तूबर में)
* 9. सम्मिलित चिकित्सा सेवा परीक्षा(फरवरी में)
* 10.भारतीय अर्थ सेवा/भारतीय सांख्यिकी सेवा परीक्षा (सितम्बर में)
* 11. अनुभाग अधिकारी/आशुलिपिक (ग्रेड ख/ग्रेड 1) सीमित विभागीय प्रतियोगिता परीक्षा (दिसम्बर में)

इसके अतिरिक्त राज्य लोक सेवा के अधिकारियों को संघ लोक सेवा से अधिकारी के रूप में भर्ती करना, भर्ती के नियम बनाना,विभागीय पदोन्नति समितियों का आयोजन करना, भारत के राष्ट्रपति द्वारा निर्दिष्ट कोई अन्य मामला सुलझाना इत्यादि इसके प्रमुख कार्य हैं।

Gk practise paper
1. On 7th May 2008, agni-I was test-fired. It was—

(A) Ballistic Missile

(B) Surface to air missile

(C) Land to sea missile

(D) Air to air missile

2. Which of the following High Courts has recently quashed the merit list issued in 2006 and 2007 by the centre and the UPSC—

(A) Bhopal High Court

(B) Rajasthan High Court

(C) Madras High Court

(D) Guwahati High Court

3. Recently the Acronym START came into News. START stands for—

(A) Strategic Association for Restructuring Trade

(B) Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty

(C) System Tracking and Reprocessing Team

(D) None of the above
4. People’s Democratic Party emerged second largest party with 33•01% in elections held in—

(A) Bhutan

(B) Nepal

(C) Zimbabwe

(D) Italy

5. According to the World Conservation Union Report, the number of plant species in India listed as threatened is—

(A) 247 plant species

(B) 250 plant species

(C) 275 plant species

(D) 255 plant species

6. Which of the following states passed a Bill in March 2008, amending the Registration Act 1908 to prohibit foreigners from buying land in the state—

(A) Kerala

(B) Andhra Pradesh

(C) Goa

(D) Maharashtra

7. The renowned scientist John Wheeler who died in April 2008, was originally hailed from—

(A) Australia

(B) U.S.A.

(C) Finland

(D) Britain

8. Who received Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmanent and Development for 2007—

(A) Bill Gates

(B) Nelson Mandela

(C) Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

(D) Arthur C. Clarke

9. The 2008 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize awarded to —

(A) Lydia Cacho Ribeiro

(B) Anna Politkovskaya

(C) May Chidiac

(D) U Win Tin

10. Which of the following Indian players has not completed 10,000 runs in Test cricket—

(A) Rahul Dravid

(B) Sachin Tendulkar

(C) Sunil Gavaskar

(D) Virendra Sehwag

11. On March 26, 2008, NASA’s space shuttle which returned safely to Earth after completing 16 day mission to International Space Station was—

(A) Discovery

(B) Endeavour
11. (B) 12. (C)
(C) Columbia

(D) None of the above

12. Jules Verne is Europe’s—

(A) Space shuttle

(B) Missile shield system

(C) Biggest spacecraft

(D) Mission to Antarctica

13. India’s National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme has prepared the country’s first—

(A) Dirrohoea map

(B) Malarial map

(C) Bird flu map

(D) Cancer map

14. ‘The World Is What It Is’ is the biography of—

(A) V. S. Naipal

(B) Khushwant Singh

(C) Amrita Preetam

(D) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

15. According to a World Bank Report India got remittances in 2007 worth—

(A) $ 30 billion

(B) $ 35 billion

(C) $ 25 billion

(D) $ 27 billion

16. The Summit of NATO (NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY) was held in April in—

(A) Romania

(B) Morocco

(C) Pakistan

(D) Indonesia

17. According to latest WHO report the number of estimated TB cases found every year in India is—

(A) 2•2 million
(B) 1•9 million

(C) 1•5 million

(D) 1•7 million

18. Tata purchased Jaguar and Rover from—

(A) Hyundai

(B) Maruti Suzuki

(C) Ford Motor

(D) None of the above

19. According to a survey, the country which has the highest number of internet users is—

(A) U.S.A.

(B) China

(C) Japan

(D) Germany

20. Which country has won the Women’s Asia Cup Cricket 2008 which was held in Colombo in the monthe of May 2008 ?

(A) Brisbane

(B) Melbourne

(C) Sydney

(D) Perth

21. According to Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council (EAC) headed by C. Rangrajan the economic growth rate for 2008-09 will remain at—

(A) 8%

(B) 8•5%

(C) 9%

(D) 8•9%

22. The Pritzkar Architecture Prize has been won by—

(A) Bill Gates Foundation

(B) William Harvey

(C) Jea Nouvel

(D) None of the above

23. Which of the following cricket players has been banned for violating the player’s code of conduct by PCB ?

(A) Danish Kaneria

(B) Shoaib Malik

(C) Mohammad Yousuf

(D) Shoaib Akhtar

24. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme has now been extended to all 604 districts of the country with a total budget outlay of—

(A) 18000 crore

(B) 16000 crore

(C) 15000 crore

(D) 14000 crore

25. Inflation which soared above 7% in the month of April is measured by—

(A) Consumer Price Index

(B) Retail Price Index

(C) Whole Sale Price Index

(D) Industrial Price Index

26. The winner of Bahrain Grand Prix is—

(A) Lewis Hamilton

(B) Kartikeyan

(C) Felipe Massa

(D) Robert Kubica

27. The winner of Miss India Earth 2008 is—

(A) Tanvi Vyas

(B) Suman Kaur

(C) Rashmi Sehgal

(D) Rani Sharma

28. In face of rising prices, Central Government has decided to set strategic Reserve of foodgrains over and above buffer stock. The limit of the reserve is—

(A) 10 million tonnes

(B) 7 million tonnes

(C) 6 million tonnes

(D) 5 million tonnes

29. Which of following newspapers/magazines won six Pulitzer prizes—

(A) The New York Times

(B) The Times Magazine

(C) The Washington Post

(D) The Guardian

30. ‘Leftism in India, 1917-1947’ is a book written by—

(A) S. R. Chaudhuri

(B) K. Kanwar

(C) R. Nagaswamy

(D) Sudipto Chatterjee

31. Recently President Pratibha Patil visited three countries. Which of the following was not the part of her trip—

(A) Argentina

(B) Chile

(C) Mexico

(D) Brazil

32. GJM stands for—

(A) General Justice Movement

(B) Gorkha Janmukti Morcha

(C) Gorkhaland Janshakti Morcha

(D) Gorkha Janjagriti Morcha

33. The elections of which of the following countries were marred by controversy—

(A) Italy

(B) Spain

(C) Zimbabwe

(D) Nepal

34. Supreme Court has upheld the law enacted in 2006 providing 27% for candidates belonging to—

(A) SCs

(B) STs

(C) OBC

(D) Minorities OBC

35. At which of the following places have the remains of early human history been found in excavation—

(A) Chittorgarh

(B) Bhavnagar

(C) Kolkata

(D) Karaikal

36. ‘Salwa Judum’ is—

(A) Terrorist organization

(B) A branch of naxalite

(C) Name of a police force

(D) An anti naxalite movement

37. When was Nepal declared a Secular Nation—

(A) in 2005

(B) in 2007

(C) in 2008

(D) in 2006

38. The Director General of UN Food and Agriculture Organisation of present is—

(A) Jacques Diouf

(B) Kundekeh K. Yumkella

(C) Jammel Al Hiyilan

(D) Michael Griffin

39. According to a research, stem cells from skin can treat—

(A) Alzhumer

(B) Schizophrenia

(C) Parkinson’s disease

(D) None of the above

40. When did the Olympic torch relay begin ?

(A) in 1950

(B) in 1952

(C) in 1953

(D) in 1963

Answers with Hints

1. (A) 2. (C)

3. (B) The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (START-II) is a treaty between Russia and U.S.A. for reducing their nuclear arsenals. The treaty is due to expire in 2009.

4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (A) 10. (D) 11. (B) 12. (C)

13. (B) India’s Vector Borne Disease Control Programme has prepared the country’s first malarial map identifying India’s 60 most malarial endemic districts that report over 50% of the country’s malaria’s cases.

14. (A) 15. (D) 16. (A) 17. (B) 18. (C)

19. (B) 20. (A) India won fourth consecutive times in Women’s Asia Cup Cricket 21. (B)

22. (C) The Pritzkar Architecture Prize, considered to be equivalent of Nobel Prize for architecture has been won french architect Jea Nouvel for his creative experimentation in architecture.

23. (D) 24. (B) 25. (C) 26. (C) 27. (A) 28. (D)

29. (C) The Washington Post has won six Pulitzer Prizes, including Public service award for its reporting on conditions of U.S. War Veterans.

30. (A) 31. (A) 32. (B) 33. (C)

34. (C) The Supreme Court on April 10, 2008 upheld the law enacted in 2006 providing a quota of 27 per cent to the other Backward Classes in Central Educational Institutions.

35. (C)

36. (D) Salva Judam is an antinaxalite movement formed by group of people against attack from maxalites. The movement started from Dantewada district (Chhattisgarh).

37. (D) 38. (A) 39. (C) 40. (B)

The annual solar eclipse on January, 15 will go down in history as the longest solar eclipse of the century, the longest until, December 23, 3043.

It would be visible as a partial eclipse in parts of Africa, Eastern Europe, Middle East and Asia. Full eclipse can be visible from Central Africa, Maldives, southern part of India, north Sri Lanka, parts of Burma and parts of China. It enters India from Trivandrum, Kerala and exits from Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu. The span of total eclipse seen from India would be 10.4 minutes.

Indian space Research Organisation (ISRO) will launch a series of rockets from two centres to study the eclipse and its after effects. The rocket would carry instruments to measure the physical parameters for the upper atmosphere. The rockets would be launched from Sriharikota in Andra Pradesh and Thumba in Kerala.

Both, the solar and the lunar eclipse come with many socio-religious beliefs. While the Chinese belief that a demon eats up the sun, others take a holy dip to get purified after the eclipse is over. Many people avoid cooking, eating and drinking. Though there are no scientifically proven facts, the the myth behind this is that some harmful rays enter the earth’s atmosphere during the eclipse.

Non-governmental organization (NGO) is a term that has become widely accepted as referring to a legally constituted, non-governmental organization created by natural or legal persons with no participation or representation of any government. In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status and excludes government representatives from membership in the organization. Unlike the term intergovernmental organization, “non-governmental organization” is a term in general use but is not a legal definition. In many jurisdictions these types of organization are defined as “civil society organizations” or referred to by other names.

The number of internationally operating NGOs is estimated at 40,000. National numbers are even higher: Russia has 277,000 NGOs. India is estimated to have between 1 million and 2 million NGOs.

History

National NGOs go back to antiquity. International non-governmental organizations have a history dating back to at least 1839. Rotary, later Rotary International, was founded in 1905. It has been estimated that by 1914 there were 1083 NGOs. International NGOs were important in the anti-slavery movement and the movement for women’s suffrage, and reached a peak at the time of the World Disarmament Conference. However, the phrase “non-governmental organization” only came into popular use with the establishment of the United Nations Organization in 1945 with provisions in Article 71 of Chapter 10 of the United Nations Charter for a consultative role for organizations which are neither governments nor member states—see Consultative Status. The definition of “international NGO” (INGO) is first given in resolution 288 (X) of ECOSOC on February 27, 1950: it is defined as “any international organization that is not founded by an international treaty”. The vital role of NGOs and other “major groups” in sustainable development was recognized in Chapter 27 of Agenda 21, leading to intense arrangements for a consultative relationship between the United Nations and non-governmental organizations.

Rapid development of the non-governmental sector occurred in western countries as a result of the processes of restructuring of the welfare state. Further globalization of that process occurred after the fall of the communist system and was an important part of the Washington consensus.

Globalization during the 20th century gave rise to the importance of NGOs. Many problems could not be solved within a nation. International treaties and international organizations such as the World Trade Organization were perceived as being too centred on the interests of capitalist enterprises. Some argued that in an attempt to counterbalance this trend, NGOs have developed to emphasize humanitarian issues, developmental aid and sustainable development. A prominent example of this is the World Social Forum which is a rival convention to the World Economic Forum held annually in January in Davos, Switzerland. The fifth World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil, in January 2005 was attended by representatives from more than 1,000 NGOs.[citation needed] Some have argued that in forums like these, NGOs take the place of what should belong to popular movements of the poor. Others argue that NGOs are often imperialist in nature, that they sometimes operate in a racialized manner in dominant countries, and that they fulfill a similar function to that of the clergy during the high colonial era. The philosopher Peter Hallward argues that they are an aristocratic form of politics. However, this philosophy would suggest that organizations of indigenous peoples are not represented, which is untrue.Whatever the case, NGO transnational networking is now extensive.